Uranium - U

Uranium (U)

Uranium is a dense, naturally radioactive metal. Natural uranium consists mainly of uranium-238, with smaller amounts of uranium-235 and uranium-234. It occurs in minerals and can also be present in groundwater as a result of natural geology or human activity.

Uses and applications

Uranium is used as nuclear fuel after specialised processing and enrichment. Uranium compounds have also been used in some glass and ceramic materials; handling is subject to radiological and chemical safety controls.

Uranium and water management

Uranium is relevant to drinking-water treatment because it may dissolve into groundwater. WHO gives a provisional guideline value of 30 µg/L for uranium, while legal standards vary by jurisdiction. Depending on water chemistry and system conditions, treatment options can include anion exchange and reverse osmosis. Treatment residuals or concentrate may also require appropriate management.

Occurrence and environmental context

Uranium is an actinide, and its occurrence and environmental behaviour depend on isotope, chemical form, and source. Natural geology, mineral processing, and nuclear-related activities can each affect whether an actinide is present in a water or waste stream. Monitoring should distinguish chemical concentration from radioactive activity where relevant.

Health and safety

Uranium requires careful handling because of its radioactive properties; for some elements, chemical toxicity is also relevant. Exposure depends on isotope, activity, chemical form, and route. Follow applicable radiation-protection procedures and substance-specific safety information.

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