Water flux

Fouling remains a major issue for all membrane applications. This study investigated anti-fouling applications for a side-stream membrane bioreactor (MBR) fed with glucose-based synthetic wastewater. Air sparging, backflushing and high cross flow velocity (CFV) were investigated as anti-fouling stra

The forward osmosis (FO) process potentially can be used as an alternative to traditional brine treatment technologies due to its low energy requirement. In this study, the feasibility of concentration of brine by the FO process was investigated using a laboratory-scale unit. An FO membrane and the