Suspended solids

The presence of fine solids and dissolved organics in produced water from Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) process can potentially block pressure vessels and cause fouling and corrosion in steam boilers. Ceramic membranes in tubular configurations with pore sizes of 20 kDa, 50 nm and 100 nm were

The main reason for the flux decline during the initial period of all filtration processes is the usual phenomena of concentration polarization and fouling. After this stage follows the cake filtration process that allows the obtaining of the steady state flux. The solute accumulated on the membrane