Spacers

• A simplified membrane distillation coefficient calculation method is validated. • A stepwise modeling approach is shown to accurately model large-scale DCMD membrane modules. • A new spacer modeling method accounts for woven spacers with complex geometries. • Distribution of water flux, temperature a

While models of membrane systems with varying degrees of complexity have been developed since the early 1960s, reports of the use of computational fluid dynamics to provide in-depth insights into the separation phenomenon have only recently appeared in the literature. This paper describes the valida