Pretreatment technologies

Reverse osmosis (RO) has been established as a reliable process for seawater desalination. The reliability of the RO technique depends upon the extent of the pretreatment that must be designed to reduce the suspended and colloidal materials in the feedwater. During the last 15 years of research and

The critical area of concern at the start of the millenium continues to be the biofouling of seawater/brackish water and the pre-treatment methods practiced. Practical studies indicate that with widely fluctuating raw water chemistry, the Gulf seawater which predominantly operates on open intake is