Pressure-Retarded Osmosis

• Simulation and sensitivity analysis of integrated SWRO-PRO system configurations for eliminating brine post-treatment step. • Identification of energy efficient novel SWRO - PRO hybrid desalination process for reducing the SWRO pre-treatment cost. • Method for optimization of hybrid SWRO-PRO system d

In this study, we introduce a hybrid system that integrates a multi-stage vacuum membrane distillation (MVMD) with pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO). The MVMD system employs a recycling flow scheme (MVDM-R) for the continuous production of both distillate water and highly concentrated brine. The concen