Operating costs

Wastewater reuse is a very reliable source of water supply for water short areas. Integrated membrane systems (IMS), microfiltration or ultrafiltration followed by reverse osmosis (RO), are frequently used for these applications to reliably produce high quality water for aquifer recharge, industrial

The paper describes the operational experience with the newly constructed SWRO plant in Jersey. The plant replaced a multi-stage flash distillation (MSF) plant, commissioned in 1970 by Weir Westgarth, which was operational until 1996. At the time of supply the MSF plant was considered to be the most