Non-equilibrium thermodynamics

In this work, we present the relations between the transport coefficients for the system multi-ion solution/ionexchange membrane resulting from the neglecting of ion Á ion interactions. We present one of the possible sets of the practical transport coefficients for that system, and we show how to ob

Measurements of the rejection of perchlorate anion (ClO4–) were performed using nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membranes. Aqueous solutions of perchlorate (at a concentration of 100 µg/L of ClO4– by “spiking” with KClO4) were fed to the membrane test apparatus. Solutions contained only