Microwave

Microwave and conventional methods have been used to extract pectin from orange peels, with different extraction periods, different solvent pHs and different types of solvent systems. For microwave extraction, the greatest total amount of pectin yield was found to be 5.27% on a dry basis for 15 min

It can be expected that a microwave acts as an accelerator of the mobility of polar functional groups such as hydroxyl groups in polymeric membranes, and then gas permeability improves because of the increasing free volume and/or temperature of the membranes. The permeability coefficients of CO2 for