Integrated system

Membrane separation processes were applied in the fumaric acid — L-malic acid bioconversion. Electrodialysis was found suitable to recover the free malic acid from its salt (malate), formed in the reaction. Moreover the electrodialytic separation method can be on-line connected to the biochemical pr

Membrane distillation may represent an innovative tool to ameliorate treatment of uraemia by allowing the purification of the blood ultrafiltrate and the re-injection of the purified water to the patients. The optimisation of the overall process in terms of energetic requirements, membrane area, and