High flux

Ceramic membranes are of particular interest in many industrial processes due to their ability to function under extreme conditions while maintaining their chemical and thermal stability. Major structural deficiencies under conventional fabrication approach are pin-holes and cracks, and the dramatic

in water concentration. The smaller alcohols, ethanol and 1-propanol, show the trade-off that is generally observed for polymer membranes, i.e., an increase in flux is combined with a decrease in separation factor. A possible explanation for this remarkable behaviour is a low degree of three-dimensi