Heterogeneous nucleation

We studied the effect of water hardness, temperature and the nature of walls on CaCO3 heterogeneous nucleation, which is the main condition of scale. The probability of CaCO3 heterogeneous precipitation increased for weak water hardness and weak temperatures. The wall nature did not influence the pr

Calcium sulfate dihydrate scale was electrochemically deposited from supersaturated solutions on gold electrodes (probe) of an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). From measurements of the induction period for the gypsum nucleation, the interfacial tension was calculated. The dependenc