Draw solution

• CHP–H2CO3 is a high osmotic pressure thermolytic draw solute. • CHP–H2CO3 solutions produce relatively high forward osmosis water fluxes. • Low grade heat should be sufficient to degas CHP–H2CO3 solutions. • CHP–H2CO3 solutions display good material/membrane compatibility. • Water flux and reverse dr

In this paper, the viability of using micellar draw solutions (DS) for Forward Osmosis (FO) is presented for the first time. Above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the Krafft temperature (Tk), the monomers in a surfactant solution aggregate to form micelles, resulting in a relatively cons