Calcium carbonate precipitation

A three-step demineralization process for removing scale-forming substances from brine solutions produced from nanofiltration (NF) of water was developed. The process is designed to remove substances that would lead to scale and membrane fouling during additional stages of NF or reverse osmosis (RO).

The present work is aimed at development of a new approach to reduce RO concentrate flow and to increase recovery. To increase recovery values, a new process is developed that use continuous crystallization of calcium carbonate at a constant supersaturation level provided by a constant raise of reten