Cake layer

An anaerobic thermophilic submerged membrane bioreactor was operated for 300 days, with a mixture of volatile fatty acids as substrate. Cake formation was identified as the key factor governing critical flux. Low levels of irreversible fouling were observed. During the first 60 days of operation a r

The experimental or theoretical method that can visualize or quantify the architecture of bio-cake formed on the surface of membrane is of great interest in understanding biofouling mechanisms, also controlling biofouling in a membrane bioreactor (MBR). This paper summarizes the methods for determin