1. Introduction
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The fouling phenomena of nanofiltration of calcium sulfate saturated feed solution in the presence of magnesium and carbonates as well as the reverse osmosis of saturated silica feedwater with magnesium chloride content at different pH levels, was investigated by analyzing the membrane residence tim
Desalination 164 (2004)
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Membrane scaling is caused by the precipitation of soluble salts as the feedwater is converted to brine. The scaling potential of any feedwater is determined from the feedwater analysis, the conversion of the RO system and the solubility limit of the various salts. In brackish water, calcium carbona
Desalination 110 (1997)
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