Nanofiltration

The fouling phenomena of nanofiltration of calcium sulfate saturated feed solution in the presence of magnesium and carbonates as well as the reverse osmosis of saturated silica feedwater with magnesium chloride content at different pH levels, was investigated by analyzing the membrane residence tim

A brackish water desalination plant in California that incorporates RO, NF, and EDR units was analyzed thermodynamically using actual plant operation data. Exergy flow rates were evaluated throughout the plant, and the exergy flow diagrams were prepared. The rates of exergy destruction and their per

Three commercial membranes (NF70, NF90 and TFC-SR) were firstly characterized in terms of pure water flux and the rejection of uncharged (alcohols and sugars) compounds. Subsequently, the rejection of monovalent (sodium and chloride) and divalent (calcium and sulphate) ions in single (NaCl, CaCl2 an

The paper presents results of a study investigating softening by nanofiltration of the Hamma underground water resource. The Hamma wells supply the City of Constantine with hard drinking water containing calcium bicarbonate. The main parameters investigated were pressure, cross-flow velocity and wat

Nanofiltration membranes (NF) have applications in several areas. One of the main applications has been in water treatment for drinking water production as well as wastewater treatment. NF can either be used to treat all kinds of water including ground, surface, and wastewater or used as a pretreatm

The potential of direct membrane filtration on either ultrafiltration (30, 200 and 400 kDa MWCO) or nanofiltration (200 Da MWCO) membranes was studied as a method of treatment of low load graywater for on site reuse. The graywater collected from a sports center’s public showers and characterized for

Filtration performance and fouling of nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes in the treatment of dairy industry wastewater were investigated. Two series of experiments were performed. The first one involved a NF membrane (TFC-S) for treating the chemical–biological treatment plant ef

Water from Lake Butoniga near the town of Buzet, Croatia, was used as a source for drinking water production. Since lake water has a high concentration of trihalomethane precursors, a treatment was necessary. A process including ozonation, flocculation and filtration was chosen on the basis of preli

This paper briefly discusses the current industrial practice for assessing the scaling potential of sparingly soluble salts and suggests a more theoretical approach which is expected to provide more accurate results. This theoretical approach is based on the use of Gibbs free energies of reaction fo

In this work, we report about cellulose acetate nanofiltration (NF) membrane preparation according to the phase inversion process. Pore size was monitored by using dope solutions of two polymer concentrations (20 and 22 wt-%) and annealing temperatures from 60–80°C. Membrane characterization include