Fouling

Direct observation (DO) technique allowed the visualisation of fouling deposition and removal in real time and in a non-invasive manner. The DO setup was relatively simple and featured a crossflow hollow fibre membrane module, a microscope and a video camera. Transmembrane pressure (TMP) and fouling

If the notion of sustainable critical flux can be analysed in regards to hydrodynamics conditions imposed closed to a defined membrane surface taking into account the suspension characteristics, it is important to integrate the actual heterogeneity of filtration conditions relatively to the individu

Fouling remains a major issue for all membrane applications. This study investigated anti-fouling applications for a side-stream membrane bioreactor (MBR) fed with glucose-based synthetic wastewater. Air sparging, backflushing and high cross flow velocity (CFV) were investigated as anti-fouling stra

Fouling of membranes in water treatment processes can be caused by the precipitation of inorganic salts, the accumulation of organic substances like polysaccharides, the deposition of organic and inorganic particles as well as the formation of microbial biofilms. The aim of this study was the reprod

It has been found by recent researchers that the dominating fouling agents causing membrane pore blocking are extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) which seem to be produced by micro-organisms which make up the biomass. The other form of fouling caused by cake biomass build up on the membrane sur

Three different water treatment ultrafiltration (UF) pilot plants were investigated to treat algae-rich reservoir water. Coagulation, coagulation–sedimentation and coagulation–sedimentation–filtration were applied prior to UF respectively. Based on the permeate water quality and the specific flux of

The aim of this work is the performance study of the various stages of groundwater treatment in a pharmaceutical industry. We were particularly interested in the influence of the reverse osmosis on the data processing sequence. The water quality was evaluated in terms of conductivity; the performanc

Tunisia is a semi arid country; the shortage of good water quality in particular at the south regions forced the government to desalt brackish water via membrane technology such as RO to supply these regions with potable water. Station of Djerba Isle established in 2000 by SONEDE has a nominal capac

This paper discusses fouling in reverse osmosis in terms of the critical flux of foulants and the fouling mechanisms based on hydraulic resistance and loss of driving force due to cake-enhanced osmotic pressure (CEOP). In many cases CEOP is the dominant effect and this is exacerbated by the use of c

This study identified the membrane fouling of a two-stage RO process of the Bai-sha brackish water desalination plant facing serious fouling problems. Two membrane modules, one from each stage, were autopsied and diagnosed for the cause for the failure of the RO system. Different morphologies were e