Reverse osmosis

Asymmetric cellulose diacetate (CA) based membranes were prepared according to the phase inversion process from acetone/formamide (2:1 wt./wt.) casting solutions. The polymer concentration was varied from 15 to 25 wt.% in order to produce membranes with pore size distributions ranging from low molec

An existing model for the simulation of solvent flux, transmembrane pressure and velocity in spiral-wound modules has been combined with results on the critical flux of spacer filled channels to simulate the colloidal fouling of an RO spiral-wound module leaf. A number of situations were examined wh

The laminar flow structure and concentration distribution in a narrow rectangular channel simulating the feed channel of nanofiltration (NF) spiral-wound modules are investigated. The continuity, Navier–Stokes equations and the solute continuity equation are solved by the control volume formulation.

The wastewater from the meat industry was treated in the system linking the processes of: coagulation, biological treatment using the activated sludge method, simultaneous precipitation of phosphor and reverse osmosis. The carried out investigation studies showed that after the simultaneous precipit

The objective of the present study was to analyze and model concentration polarization in spiral-wound seawater membrane elements. In particular, the influence of feed temperature, salinity and flow rate on permeate flow and salinity was evaluated. Membrane lifetime and permeate fluxes are primarily

A big problem for the desalination plants situated far from the sea is the elimination of the concentrated brines. The volume reduction of the final concentrate could allow an economic transport and a high recovery level. In order to solve this problem, a reverse osmosis system with recirculation (R

The potential of the development of water desalination using a photovoltaic-powered system in Jordan is discussed. A reverse osmosis (RO) desalination system driven by photovoltaic power is proposed. A simulation model for the prediction of the PV specific power delivered for a given value of the gl

In most arid countries the scarcity of conventional fresh water supplies infers a serious threat to sustainable and balanced socio-economic growth and development. This threat is clearly more pronounced in the less developed countries. However, the mining of non-conventional seawater and wastewater

Prospects of reverse osmosis (RO) desalination of Azov seawater and brackish water of the Berda River have been studied. It was shown that the efficiency of seawater desalination enhances with the increase of the ratio of retentate to permeate fluxes, operating pressure and temperature of feed water

Increases in population and water use are increasing pressures on conventional water sources. The use of alternative sources for non-potable applications can relieve some of this demand. Poor quality ground water, combined with quantities of grey water and rain water, was identified as potential alt