Desalination

As water resources are rapidly being exhausted, more and more interest is paid to the desalination of seawater and brackish water concentrations. Today, current desalination methods require large amounts of energy which is costly both in environmental pollution and in money terms. Many studies of wa

Energy consumptions and costs of desalting systems are among the main parameters affecting the choice of certain desalting system and desalted water final cost. The paper describes a semi-empirical method for determining production and investment costs taking into account plant capacity, availabilit

Ultrafiltration (UF) and microfiltration (MF) are theoretically the best pre-treatment upstream reverse osmosis, removing from the feed water most of the potential elements responsible of desalinating membranes fouling such as particles, turbidity, bacteria and large molecular weight organic maters.

Water shortage has become a global issue and not only a problem relevant to arid zones. In the past decade desalination of sea and brackish water has been found to be a technically and economically acceptable solution for water shortage. More recently, desalination of wastewater effluents has also b

The integration of renewable resources such as solar and wind energy is becoming increasingly attractive. This is being used widely for substitution of oil-produced energy and will help to minimize atmospheric degradation. The major advantage of a hybrid system is that when solar and wind power prod

The results of pilot testing of dual media filtration on seawater from an open intake in the Thermaikos Gulf, northern Greece, are presented in this study. Two different filter materials, FILTRALITE MC, a processed expanded clay material with particle range 1.5–2.5 mm, and anthracite coal with a sim

Water co-produced with oil and gas is termed produced water. Produced water is very difficult wastewater to treat and characteristics changes by well to well. In this study, treatability of produced water generated from oil production fields in Trakya region which is operated by National Oil and Nat

The solubility of carbon dioxide in different mixtures of aqueous solutions (normal water and different composition of saline water) has been determined at temperature of 25–90°C and pressure of 1–2 bar by using an experimental rig which has been designed to ensure proper contact between the CO2 gas

A sun tracking system was deployed for enhancing the solar still productivity. A computerized sun tracking device was used for rotating the solar still with the movement of the sun. A comparison between fixed and sun tracked solar stills showed that the use of sun tracking increased the productivity

The potential of desalination as a viable alternate water source for Jordan using a multiple effect distiller (MED), evolved to operate using solar energy under Jordanian conditions is discussed. A computer code in C++ was generated in order to simulate the MED process, and to predict the water prod