Nanofiltration

By-products obtained from red currant processing still contain large amounts of useful components, e.g. pectin. Pectin was extracted from red currant marc with water at a solid/liquid ratio of 1:10. To reduce the operating costs of further possessing, we concentrated the pectin solution by membrane

The mining industry uses large amounts of explosives and a part of them remains undetonated. Since most commercial blasting agents contain ammonium nitrate, there is a direct relationship between explosives use and the ammonium and nitrate levels in mine effluents. Water contamination with nitrogeno

Model dairy waste waters (prepared from milk powder by dilution) were treated with ozone, and the effects of the ozonation time and the surfactant concentration on the flux, the membrane resistances, membrane fouling and gel formation were measured. It was found that the microflocculation effect of

Wastewater reclamation and reuse are being widely implemented due to the lack of fresh water. When salinity is a limiting parameter to obtain the required water quality for agricultural uses, a desalination step is necessary to achieve it. Therefore, techniques such as nanofiltration (NF) or reverse

Water scarcity makes industrial wastewater reuse necessary, especially in those industries characterized by both high water consumptions and extremely polluted effluents as textile industries. Membrane technologies are very efficient to treat industrial effluents for water reuse successfully, since

Permeation experiments of aqueous solutions of diprotic amino acids (L-glutamine and glycine) were carried out with numerous commercial polymeric nanofiltration (NF) and tight ultrafiltration (UF) membranes. The aim of this study was to determine the permeate flux and the amino acid rejection as a f

Textile industry processes (dyeing, bleaching, printing and finishing) require a high-water consumption generating high amounts of wastewater. According to the literature, typically 200 and 500 L of water are needed to produce 1 kg of finished product [1]. This fact in combination with the current w

The “adsorption Á amphoteric” model is used to investigate the role of the main phenomena determining the mechanism of the membrane charge formation in nanofiltration membranes. The prevailing mechanisms considered are: acid/base dissociation of the hydrophilic groups of the membrane, counter-ion si

In this work, the membrane technique of nanofiltration (NF) was used to carry out partial demineralization of whey and milk ultrafiltration permeate (MUP). The experiments were performed in a completely automated NF pilot plant. An aromatic polyamide spiral wound membrane supplied by Osmonics (USA)

Whey is the main by-product obtained from cheese production. It contains a high concentration of organic matter, mainly proteins and lactose, and mineral salts. Usually, pre-treated whey was discharged into sewer together with the other liquid effluents from the dairy industry. However, the increasi