Influence of particle size and particle size distribution on membrane-adsorption hybrid systems

The hollow-fiber module (cross flow) in combination with activated carbon showed almost no flux decline and a good performance independent of particle size or distribution. The presence of particles led to the abrasion of the fouling layer and helped to prevent its possible growth and consequent blocking of the membrane fibers. The submerged membrane in combination with activated carbon showed large dependencies on particle size and particle size distribution. A narrow particle size distribution and an average particle size of approximately 100 times bigger than the membrane pore size helps to prevent membrane blocking. Membrane surface properties as well as PAC properties should be investigated in order to develop a better understanding of the interactions between membrane and particles and of the mechanism of particle deposition on the membrane surface.