An experimental study of Schroeder’s paradox in Nafion and Dowex polymer electrolytes

The results indicate that Shroeder’s paradox exists in the whole range of activities, when swelling of ionomeric material and resins in water is measured. This result suggests that the models of swelling equilibrium and water transport in such systems and water management (e.g., SPE fuel cells) might need to be revised to be able to account for this effect.