Ultrafiltration with variable volume diafiltration: a novel approach to water saving in diafiltration processes

(2) where C0V0 = CiVi = CfVf. Predictions from Eqs. (1) and (2) are given in Fig. 2. The calculations were performed at various values of the microsolute reduction ratio. The volume reduction ratio, V0/Vf was 40 and CA0 was equal to (Cg/e)/20. To illustrate the findings, we note that if VVD is performed at Cg/e, and the microsolute is reduced by a factor of 5, the amount of water used will be reduced by UF-VVD has potential for water saving in ultrafiltration–diafiltration processes without large time penalties. This suggests that UF-VVD might offer economic advantages over UF-CVD.