Characterization of ion transport in the active layer of RO and NF polyamide membranes

The results of experiments of both types yields thus a comprehensive picture of ion transport in a polyamide film including structural parameters of the film. The parameters obtained by the proposed technique can be used as input for theoretical transport models in simulations of desalination, softening and removal heavy metals from multicomponent solutions. The results ultimately help quantify and understand the relative roles of diffusional and convectional transport in pressure-driven separation of electrolytes using thin-film composite membranes.