Iron Removal

Iron removal is technique used to remove excessive iron and manganese from water. The iron and manganese cause unwanted precipitation and coloring of the water.

Iron removal is based on the controlled precipitation of iron and manganese. It is normally done by mixing of the water with air followed by sand filtration.

Of importance is the pH value of the water. The removal of the iron is normally less difficult than the removal of manganese. High iron concentration should be treated with two or more systems in series.

Complex bound iron and manganese, e.g. complex bound with humic acids, can be very difficult to remove. In this case oxidation with ozone can be a solution.

In order to remove iron, it is also possible to precipitate iron in carbonate or with an iron exchanger system. An ion exchanger system is only used to deal with low Fe ²⁺ concentration. In addition, ion exchanger resin can remove others cations such as Ca ²⁺. That is why it is advisable to apply it only with low iron and manganese concentrations.

 Manganese removal by physical-chemical way

         Iron bacterial problems in well.