Temperature affects both the equilibrium position of the precipitation reaction and the reaction rate. In general, solubility increases with the increasing temperature with a few notable exceptions such as CaCO3, Ca3(PO4)2, CaSO4 and FePO4 which are of importance in the water chemistry. To calculate the solubility at a temperature with the equation:  and with the van't Hoffs equation you can calculate the difference in solubility: Where: K1 = Solubility of substance with highest temperature
K2 = Solubility of substance with lowest temperature
H = Enthalpy
G = Gibbs energy
R = Ideal gas constant
T1 = Temperature of substance with highest temperature
T2 = Temperature of substance with lowest temperature Below you will see a table and the solubility of the chemical substances and you will notice that with most of the chemical substances the solubility rises with the temperature. | Name of chemical substance | | Solubility (g/l) | Temperature (oC) | | Aluminum chloride | AlCl3 . 6 H2O | 456 | 20 | | | | 477 | 80 | | Aluminum hydroxide | Al2(OH)3 | 0.0015 | 20 | | Aluminum sulfate | Al2(SO4)3 . 18 H2O | 363 | 20 | | | | 730 | 80 | | Ammonia | NH3 | 520 | 20 | | | | 310 | 40 | | | | 200 | 60 | | Ammoniumdihydrogenphosphate | (NH4)H2PO4 | 368 | 20 | | | | 1207 | 80 | | Ammonium sulfate | (NH4)2SO4 | 754 | 20 | | | | 941 | 80 | | Barium carbonate | BaSO4 | 0.035 | 30 | | Barium hydroxide | Ba(OH)2 . 8 H2O | 34.8 | 20 | | | | 908 | 40 | | Barium sulfate | BaSO4 | 0.0023 | 20 | | | | 0.0039 | 80 | | Calcium chloride | CaCl2 . 6 H2O | 745 | 20 | | | | 1470 | 80 | | Calcium carbonate | CaCO3 | 0.015 | 20 | | | | 0.035 | 80 | | Calcium hydroxide | Ca(OH)2 | 1.67 | 20 | | | | 0.66 | 80 | | Calcium sulfate | CaSO4 . 2 H2O | 2.04 | 20 | | | | 1.8 | 80 | | Chloride | Cl2 | 7.3 | 20 | | | | 4.5 | 40 | | | | 3.3 | 60 | | | | 2.2 | 80 | | Hydrogen chloride | HCl | 721 | 20 | | | | 633 | 40 | | | | 561 | 60 | | Diammoniumhydrogenphosphate | (NH4)2HPO4 | 686 | 20 | | | | 1155 | 80 | | Disodiumhydrogenphosphate | Na2HPO4 . H2O | 766 | 20 | | | | 924 | 80 | | Iron bicarbonate | Fe(HCO3)2 | 0.77 | 18 | | Iron(III)chloride | FeCl3 . 6 H2O | 919 | 20 | | | | 5251 | 80 | | Iron(II)hydroxide | Fe(OH)2 | 0.00142 | 20 | | Iron(III)hydroxide | Fe(OH)3 | 4.8 x 10-8 | 18 | | Iron(II)sulfate | FeSO4 . 7 H2O | 266 | 20 | | | | 438 | 80 | | Potassium permanganate | KMnO4 | 63.8 | 20 | | | | 250 | 65 | | Carbon dioxide | CO2 | 1.688 | 20 | | | | 0.973 | 40 | | Copper sulfate | CuSO4 . 5 H2O | 0.576 | 60 | | | | 209 | 20 | | Magnesium carbonate | MgCO3 | 536 | 80 | | | | 0.084 | 20 | | Magnesium chloride | MgCl2 . 6 H2O | 0.06 | 100 | | | | 542.5 | 20 | | Magnesium hydroxide | Mg(OH)2 | 658.7 | 80 | | Magnesium sulfate | MgSO4 . 7 H2O | 0.009 | 18 | | | | 356 | 20 | | Manganese bicarbonate | Mn(HCO3)2 | 540 | 80 | | | | 0.8 | 20 | | Manganese(II)hydroxide | Mn(HCO3)2 | 0.05 | 20 | | Manganese(IV)hydroxide | Mn(OH)2 | 0.00043 | 20 | | Manganese sulfate | MnSO4 . 5 H2O | 629 | 20 | | | | 455 | 80 | | Sodium bicarbonate | NaCO3 | 95.7 | 20 | | | | 197 | 80 | | Sodium carbonate (soda) | Na2CO3 . 10 H2O | 215.8 | 20 | | | | 445 | 80 | | Sodium chloride | NaCl | 358.5 | 20 | | | | 380.5 | 80 | | Sodiumdihydrogenphosphate | NaH2PO4 . 2 H2O | 852 | 20 | | | | 2073 | 80 | | Sodium fluoride | NaF | 41 | 20 | | Sodium hydroxide | NaOH | 1070 | 20 | | | | 3137 | 80 | | Sodium sulfate | NaSO4 . 10 H2O | 190.8 | 20 | | | | 430.9 | 80 | | Sodium sulfite | Na2SO3 . 7 H2O | 266 | 20 | | | | 290 | 80 | | Sulfur dioxide | SO2 | 106.4 | 20 | | | | 55.4 | 40 | | | | 32.5 | 60 | | | | 21.3 | 80 | | Nitrogen | N2 | 0.019 | 20 | | | | 0.0139 | 40 | | | | 0.0105 | 60 | | | | 0.0066 | 80 | | Trisodiumphosphate | Na3PO4 . 12 H2O | 132 | 20 |
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